Preliminaries for Nöbeling's theorem #
This file constructs basic objects and results concerning them that are needed in the proof of
Nöbeling's theorem, which is in Mathlib/Topology/Category/Profinite/Nobeling/Induction.lean.
See the section docstrings for more information.
Proof idea #
We follow the proof of theorem 5.4 in [scholze2019condensed], in which the idea is to embed S in
a product of I copies of Bool for some sufficiently large I, and then to choose a
well-ordering on I and use ordinal induction over that well-order. Here we can let I be
the set of clopen subsets of S since S is totally separated.
The above means it suffices to prove the following statement: For a closed subset C of I → Bool,
the ℤ-module LocallyConstant C ℤ is free.
For i : I, let e C i : LocallyConstant C ℤ denote the map fun f ↦ (if f.val i then 1 else 0).
The basis will consist of products e C iᵣ * ⋯ * e C i₁ with iᵣ > ⋯ > i₁ which cannot be written
as linear combinations of lexicographically smaller products. We call this set GoodProducts C.
What is proved by ordinal induction (in
Mathlib/Topology/Category/Profinite/Nobeling/ZeroLimit.lean and
Mathlib/Topology/Category/Profinite/Nobeling/Successor.lean) is that this set is linearly
independent. The fact that it spans is proved directly in
Mathlib/Topology/Category/Profinite/Nobeling/Span.lean.
References #
- [scholze2019condensed], Theorem 5.4.
Projection maps #
The purpose of this section is twofold.
Firstly, in the proof that the set GoodProducts C spans the whole module LocallyConstant C ℤ,
we need to project C down to finite discrete subsets and write C as a cofiltered limit of those.
Secondly, in the inductive argument, we need to project C down to "smaller" sets satisfying the
inductive hypothesis.
In this section we define the relevant projection maps and prove some compatibility results.
Main definitions #
Let
J : I → Prop. ThenProj J : (I → Bool) → (I → Bool)is the projection mapping everything that satisfiesJ ito itself, and everything else tofalse.The image of
CunderProj Jis denotedπ C Jand the corresponding mapC → π C Jis calledProjRestrict. IfJimpliesKwe have a mapProjRestricts : π C K → π C J.spanCone_isLimitestablishes that whenCis compact, it can be written as a limit of its images under the mapsProj (· ∈ s)wheres : Finset I.
A variant of ProjRestrict with domain of the form π C K
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The objectwise map in the isomorphism spanFunctor ≅ Profinite.indexFunctor.
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For a given compact subset C of I → Bool, spanFunctor is the functor from the poset of finsets
of I to Profinite, sending a finite subset set J to the image of C under the projection
Proj J.
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- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
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The limit cone on spanFunctor with point C.
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- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
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Defining the basis #
Our proposed basis consists of products e C iᵣ * ⋯ * e C i₁ with iᵣ > ⋯ > i₁ which cannot be
written as linear combinations of lexicographically smaller products. See below for the definition
of e.
Main definitions #
For
i : I, we lete C i : LocallyConstant C ℤdenote the mapfun f ↦ (if f.val i then 1 else 0).Products Iis the type of lists of decreasing elements ofI, so a typical element is[i₁, i₂,..., iᵣ]withi₁ > i₂ > ... > iᵣ.Products.eval Cis theC-evaluation of a list. It takes a term[i₁, i₂,..., iᵣ] : Products Iand returns the actual producte C i₁ ··· e C iᵣ : LocallyConstant C ℤ.GoodProducts Cis the set ofProducts Isuch that theirC-evaluation cannot be written as a linear combination of evaluations of lexicographically smaller lists.
Main results #
Products.evalFacPropandProducts.evalFacPropsestablish the fact thatProducts.evalinteracts nicely with the projection maps from the previous section.GoodProducts.span_iff_products: the good products spanLocallyConstant C ℤiff all the products spanLocallyConstant C ℤ.
Products I is the type of lists of decreasing elements of I, so a typical element is
[i₁, i₂, ...] with i₁ > i₂ > .... We order Products I lexicographically, so [] < [i₁, ...],
and [i₁, i₂, ...] < [j₁, j₂, ...] if either i₁ < j₁, or i₁ = j₁ and [i₂, ...] < [j₂, ...].
Terms m = [i₁, i₂, ..., iᵣ] of this type will be used to represent products of the form
e C i₁ ··· e C iᵣ : LocallyConstant C ℤ . The function associated to m is m.eval.
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- Profinite.NobelingProof.Products I = { l : List I // List.Chain' (fun (x1 x2 : I) => x1 > x2) l }
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- Profinite.NobelingProof.Products.instLinearOrder = inferInstanceAs (LinearOrder { l : List I // List.Chain' (fun (x1 x2 : I) => x1 > x2) l })
The evaluation e C i₁ ··· e C iᵣ : C → ℤ of a formal product [i₁, i₂, ..., iᵣ].
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The predicate on products which we prove picks out a basis of LocallyConstant C ℤ. We call such a
product "good".
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The set of good products.
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Evaluation of good products.
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The image of the good products in the module LocallyConstant C ℤ.
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The type of good products is equivalent to its image.
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The good products span LocallyConstant C ℤ if and only all the products do.
Relating elements of the well-order I with ordinals #
We choose a well-ordering on I. This amounts to regarding I as an ordinal, and as such it
can be regarded as the set of all strictly smaller ordinals, allowing to apply ordinal induction.
Main definitions #
ord I iis the termiofIregarded as an ordinal.term I hois a sufficiently small ordinal regarded as a term ofI.contained C ois a predicate saying thatCis "small" enough in relation to the ordinaloto satisfy the inductive hypothesis.P Iis the predicate on ordinals about linear independence of good products, which the rest of this file is spent on proving by induction.
A term of I regarded as an ordinal.
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- Profinite.NobelingProof.ord I i = (Ordinal.typein fun (x1 x2 : I) => x1 < x2).toRelEmbedding i
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An ordinal regarded as a term of I.
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- Profinite.NobelingProof.term I ho = (Ordinal.enum fun (x1 x2 : I) => x1 < x2) ⟨o, ho⟩
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A predicate saying that C is "small" enough to satisfy the inductive hypothesis.
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- Profinite.NobelingProof.contained C o = ∀ f ∈ C, ∀ (i : I), f i = true → Profinite.NobelingProof.ord I i < o
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The predicate on ordinals which we prove by induction, see GoodProducts.P0,
GoodProducts.Plimit and GoodProducts.linearIndependentAux in the section Induction below
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ℤ-linear maps induced by projections #
We define injective ℤ-linear maps between modules of the form LocallyConstant C ℤ induced by
precomposition with the projections defined in the section Projections.
Main definitions #
πsandπs'are theℤ-linear maps corresponding toProjRestrictandProjRestrictsrespectively.
Main result #
- We prove that
πsandπs'interact well withProducts.evaland the main application is the theoremisGood_monowhich says that the propertyisGoodis "monotone" on ordinals.
The ℤ-linear map induced by precomposition of the projection C → π C (ord I · < o).
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- Profinite.NobelingProof.πs C o = LocallyConstant.comapₗ ℤ { toFun := Profinite.NobelingProof.ProjRestrict C fun (x : I) => Profinite.NobelingProof.ord I x < o, continuous_toFun := ⋯ }
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The ℤ-linear map induced by precomposition of the projection
π C (ord I · < o₂) → π C (ord I · < o₁) for o₁ ≤ o₂.
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- Profinite.NobelingProof.πs' C h = LocallyConstant.comapₗ ℤ { toFun := Profinite.NobelingProof.ProjRestricts C ⋯, continuous_toFun := ⋯ }
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If l is good w.r.t. π C (ord I · < o₁) and o₁ ≤ o₂, then it is good w.r.t.
π C (ord I · < o₂)