Documentation

Mathlib.Order.BooleanAlgebra

(Generalized) Boolean algebras #

A Boolean algebra is a bounded distributive lattice with a complement operator. Boolean algebras generalize the (classical) logic of propositions and the lattice of subsets of a set.

Generalized Boolean algebras may be less familiar, but they are essentially Boolean algebras which do not necessarily have a top element (⊤) (and hence not all elements may have complements). One example in mathlib is Finset α, the type of all finite subsets of an arbitrary (not-necessarily-finite) type α.

GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α is defined to be a distributive lattice with bottom (⊥) admitting a relative complement operator, written using "set difference" notation as x \ y (sdiff x y). For convenience, the BooleanAlgebra type class is defined to extend GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra so that it is also bundled with a \ operator.

(A terminological point: x \ y is the complement of y relative to the interval [⊥, x]. We do not yet have relative complements for arbitrary intervals, as we do not even have lattice intervals.)

Main declarations #

Implementation notes #

The sup_inf_sdiff and inf_inf_sdiff axioms for the relative complement operator in GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra are taken from Wikipedia.

[Stone's paper introducing generalized Boolean algebras][Stone1935] does not define a relative complement operator a \ b for all a, b. Instead, the postulates there amount to an assumption that for all a, b : α where a ≤ b, the equations x ⊔ a = b and x ⊓ a = ⊥ have a solution x. Disjoint.sdiff_unique proves that this x is in fact b \ a.

References #

Tags #

generalized Boolean algebras, Boolean algebras, lattices, sdiff, compl

Generalized Boolean algebras #

Some of the lemmas in this section are from:

class GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra (α : Type u) extends DistribLattice α, SDiff α, Bot α :

A generalized Boolean algebra is a distributive lattice with ⊥ and a relative complement operation \ (called sdiff, after "set difference") satisfying (a ⊓ b) ⊔ (a \ b) = a and (a ⊓ b) ⊓ (a \ b) = ⊥, i.e. a \ b is the complement of b in a.

This is a generalization of Boolean algebras which applies to Finset α for arbitrary (not-necessarily-Fintype) α.

Instances
    @[simp]
    theorem sup_inf_sdiff {α : Type u} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (x y : α) :
    x ⊓ y ⊔ x \ y = x
    @[simp]
    theorem inf_inf_sdiff {α : Type u} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (x y : α) :
    x ⊓ y ⊓ x \ y = ⊥
    @[simp]
    theorem sup_sdiff_inf {α : Type u} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (x y : α) :
    x \ y ⊔ x ⊓ y = x
    @[simp]
    theorem inf_sdiff_inf {α : Type u} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (x y : α) :
    x \ y ⊓ (x ⊓ y) = ⊥
    @[instance 100]
    Equations
    theorem disjoint_inf_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    Disjoint (x ⊓ y) (x \ y)
    theorem sdiff_unique {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (s : x ⊓ y ⊔ z = x) (i : x ⊓ y ⊓ z = ⊥) :
    x \ y = z
    @[simp]
    theorem sdiff_inf_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x \ y ⊓ y \ x = ⊥
    theorem disjoint_sdiff_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    Disjoint (x \ y) (y \ x)
    @[simp]
    theorem inf_sdiff_self_right {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x ⊓ y \ x = ⊥
    @[simp]
    theorem inf_sdiff_self_left {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    y \ x ⊓ x = ⊥
    @[instance 100]
    Equations
    theorem disjoint_sdiff_self_left {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    Disjoint (y \ x) x
    theorem disjoint_sdiff_self_right {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    Disjoint x (y \ x)
    theorem le_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x ≤ y \ z ↔ x ≤ y ∧ Disjoint x z
    @[simp]
    theorem sdiff_eq_left {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x \ y = x ↔ Disjoint x y
    theorem Disjoint.sdiff_eq_of_sup_eq {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (hi : Disjoint x z) (hs : x ⊔ z = y) :
    y \ x = z
    theorem Disjoint.sdiff_unique {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (hd : Disjoint x z) (hz : z ≤ y) (hs : y ≤ x ⊔ z) :
    y \ x = z
    theorem disjoint_sdiff_iff_le {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (hz : z ≤ y) (hx : x ≤ y) :
    Disjoint z (y \ x) ↔ z ≤ x
    theorem le_iff_disjoint_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (hz : z ≤ y) (hx : x ≤ y) :
    z ≤ x ↔ Disjoint z (y \ x)
    theorem inf_sdiff_eq_bot_iff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (hz : z ≤ y) (hx : x ≤ y) :
    z ⊓ y \ x = ⊥ ↔ z ≤ x
    theorem le_iff_eq_sup_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (hz : z ≤ y) (hx : x ≤ y) :
    x ≤ z ↔ y = z ⊔ y \ x
    theorem sdiff_sup {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    y \ (x ⊔ z) = y \ x ⊓ y \ z
    theorem sdiff_eq_sdiff_iff_inf_eq_inf {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    y \ x = y \ z ↔ y ⊓ x = y ⊓ z
    theorem sdiff_eq_self_iff_disjoint {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x \ y = x ↔ Disjoint y x
    theorem sdiff_eq_self_iff_disjoint' {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x \ y = x ↔ Disjoint x y
    theorem sdiff_lt {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (hx : y ≤ x) (hy : y ≠ ⊥) :
    x \ y < x
    theorem sdiff_lt_left {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x \ y < x ↔ ¬Disjoint y x
    @[simp]
    theorem le_sdiff_right {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x ≤ y \ x ↔ x = ⊥
    @[simp]
    theorem sdiff_eq_right {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x \ y = y ↔ x = ⊥ ∧ y = ⊥
    theorem sdiff_ne_right {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x \ y ≠ y ↔ x ≠ ⊥ ∨ y ≠ ⊥
    theorem sdiff_lt_sdiff_right {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (h : x < y) (hz : z ≤ x) :
    x \ z < y \ z
    theorem sup_inf_inf_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x ⊓ y ⊓ z ⊔ y \ z = x ⊓ y ⊔ y \ z
    theorem sdiff_sdiff_right {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x \ (y \ z) = x \ y ⊔ x ⊓ y ⊓ z
    theorem sdiff_sdiff_right' {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x \ (y \ z) = x \ y ⊔ x ⊓ z
    theorem sdiff_sdiff_eq_sdiff_sup {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (h : z ≤ x) :
    x \ (y \ z) = x \ y ⊔ z
    @[simp]
    theorem sdiff_sdiff_right_self {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x \ (x \ y) = x ⊓ y
    theorem sdiff_sdiff_eq_self {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (h : y ≤ x) :
    x \ (x \ y) = y
    theorem sdiff_eq_symm {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (hy : y ≤ x) (h : x \ y = z) :
    x \ z = y
    theorem sdiff_eq_comm {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (hy : y ≤ x) (hz : z ≤ x) :
    x \ y = z ↔ x \ z = y
    theorem eq_of_sdiff_eq_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (hxz : x ≤ z) (hyz : y ≤ z) (h : z \ x = z \ y) :
    x = y
    theorem sdiff_le_sdiff_iff_le {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (hx : x ≤ z) (hy : y ≤ z) :
    z \ x ≤ z \ y ↔ y ≤ x
    theorem sdiff_sdiff_left' {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    (x \ y) \ z = x \ y ⊓ x \ z
    theorem sdiff_sdiff_sup_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    z \ (x \ y ⊔ y \ x) = z ⊓ (z \ x ⊔ y) ⊓ (z \ y ⊔ x)
    theorem sdiff_sdiff_sup_sdiff' {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    z \ (x \ y ⊔ y \ x) = z ⊓ x ⊓ y ⊔ z \ x ⊓ z \ y
    theorem sdiff_sdiff_sdiff_cancel_left {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (hca : z ≤ x) :
    (x \ y) \ (x \ z) = z \ y
    theorem sdiff_sdiff_sdiff_cancel_right {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (hcb : z ≤ y) :
    (x \ z) \ (y \ z) = x \ y
    theorem inf_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    (x ⊓ y) \ z = x \ z ⊓ y \ z
    theorem inf_sdiff_assoc {α : Type u} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (x y z : α) :
    (x ⊓ y) \ z = x ⊓ y \ z

    See also sdiff_inf_right_comm.

    theorem sdiff_inf_right_comm {α : Type u} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (x y z : α) :
    x \ z ⊓ y = (x ⊓ y) \ z

    See also inf_sdiff_assoc.

    theorem inf_sdiff_left_comm {α : Type u} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (a b c : α) :
    a ⊓ b \ c = b ⊓ a \ c
    @[deprecated sdiff_inf_right_comm (since := "2025-01-08")]
    theorem inf_sdiff_right_comm {α : Type u} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (x y z : α) :
    x \ z ⊓ y = (x ⊓ y) \ z

    Alias of sdiff_inf_right_comm.


    See also inf_sdiff_assoc.

    theorem inf_sdiff_distrib_left {α : Type u} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (a b c : α) :
    a ⊓ b \ c = (a ⊓ b) \ (a ⊓ c)
    theorem inf_sdiff_distrib_right {α : Type u} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (a b c : α) :
    a \ b ⊓ c = (a ⊓ c) \ (b ⊓ c)
    theorem disjoint_sdiff_comm {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    Disjoint (x \ z) y ↔ Disjoint x (y \ z)
    theorem sup_eq_sdiff_sup_sdiff_sup_inf {α : Type u} {x y : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] :
    x ⊔ y = x \ y ⊔ y \ x ⊔ x ⊓ y
    theorem sup_lt_of_lt_sdiff_left {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (h : y < z \ x) (hxz : x ≤ z) :
    x ⊔ y < z
    theorem sup_lt_of_lt_sdiff_right {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra α] (h : x < z \ y) (hyz : y ≤ z) :
    x ⊔ y < z
    Equations
    instance Pi.instGeneralizedBooleanAlgebra {ι : Type u_2} {α : ι → Type u_3} [(i : ι) → GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra (α i)] :
    GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra ((i : ι) → α i)
    Equations

    Boolean algebras #

    class BooleanAlgebra (α : Type u) extends DistribLattice α, HasCompl α, SDiff α, HImp α, Top α, Bot α :

    A Boolean algebra is a bounded distributive lattice with a complement operator ᶜ such that x ⊓ xᶜ = ⊥ and x ⊔ xᶜ = ⊤. For convenience, it must also provide a set difference operation \ and a Heyting implication ⇨ satisfying x \ y = x ⊓ yᶜ and x ⇨ y = y ⊔ xᶜ.

    This is a generalization of (classical) logic of propositions, or the powerset lattice.

    Since BoundedOrder, OrderBot, and OrderTop are mixins that require LE to be present at define-time, the extends mechanism does not work with them. Instead, we extend using the underlying Bot and Top data typeclasses, and replicate the order axioms of those classes here. A "forgetful" instance back to BoundedOrder is provided.

    Instances
      @[instance 100]
      Equations
      @[reducible, inline]

      A bounded generalized boolean algebra is a boolean algebra.

      Equations
      • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
      Instances For
        theorem inf_compl_eq_bot' {α : Type u} {x : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        x ⊓ xᶜ = ⊥
        @[simp]
        theorem sup_compl_eq_top {α : Type u} {x : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        x ⊔ xᶜ = ⊤
        @[simp]
        theorem compl_sup_eq_top {α : Type u} {x : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        xᶜ ⊔ x = ⊤
        theorem isCompl_compl {α : Type u} {x : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        theorem sdiff_eq {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        x \ y = x ⊓ yᶜ
        theorem himp_eq {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        x ⇨ y = y ⊔ xᶜ
        @[instance 100]
        Equations
        @[instance 100]
        Equations
        • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
        @[simp]
        theorem hnot_eq_compl {α : Type u} {x : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        theorem top_sdiff {α : Type u} {x : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        ⊤ \ x = xᶜ
        theorem eq_compl_iff_isCompl {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        x = yᶜ ↔ IsCompl x y
        theorem compl_eq_iff_isCompl {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        xᶜ = y ↔ IsCompl x y
        theorem compl_eq_comm {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        xᶜ = y ↔ yᶜ = x
        theorem eq_compl_comm {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        x = yᶜ ↔ y = xᶜ
        @[simp]
        theorem compl_compl {α : Type u} [BooleanAlgebra α] (x : α) :
        @[simp]
        theorem compl_inj_iff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        xᶜ = yᶜ ↔ x = y
        theorem IsCompl.compl_eq_iff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] (h : IsCompl x y) :
        zᶜ = y ↔ z = x
        @[simp]
        theorem compl_eq_top {α : Type u} {x : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        @[simp]
        theorem compl_eq_bot {α : Type u} {x : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        @[simp]
        theorem compl_inf {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        (x ⊓ y)ᶜ = xᶜ ⊔ yᶜ
        @[simp]
        theorem compl_le_compl_iff_le {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        yᶜ ≤ xᶜ ↔ x ≤ y
        @[simp]
        theorem compl_lt_compl_iff_lt {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        yᶜ < xᶜ ↔ x < y
        theorem compl_le_of_compl_le {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] (h : yᶜ ≤ x) :
        xᶜ ≤ y
        theorem compl_le_iff_compl_le {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        xᶜ ≤ y ↔ yᶜ ≤ x
        @[simp]
        theorem compl_le_self {α : Type u} {x : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        xᶜ ≤ x ↔ x = ⊤
        @[simp]
        theorem compl_lt_self {α : Type u} {x : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] [Nontrivial α] :
        xᶜ < x ↔ x = ⊤
        @[simp]
        theorem sdiff_compl {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        x \ yᶜ = x ⊓ y
        Equations
        • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
        @[simp]
        theorem sup_inf_inf_compl {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        x ⊓ y ⊔ x ⊓ yᶜ = x
        theorem compl_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        (x \ y)ᶜ = x ⇨ y
        @[simp]
        theorem compl_himp {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        (x ⇨ y)ᶜ = x \ y
        theorem compl_sdiff_compl {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        xᶜ \ yᶜ = y \ x
        @[simp]
        theorem compl_himp_compl {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        xᶜ ⇨ yᶜ = y ⇨ x
        theorem disjoint_compl_left_iff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        theorem disjoint_compl_right_iff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        theorem codisjoint_himp_self_left {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        Codisjoint (x ⇨ y) x
        theorem codisjoint_himp_self_right {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        Codisjoint x (x ⇨ y)
        theorem himp_le {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        x ⇨ y ≤ z ↔ y ≤ z ∧ Codisjoint x z
        @[simp]
        theorem himp_le_left {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        x ⇨ y ≤ x ↔ x = ⊤
        @[simp]
        theorem himp_eq_left {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        x ⇨ y = x ↔ x = ⊤ ∧ y = ⊤
        theorem himp_ne_right {α : Type u} {x y : α} [BooleanAlgebra α] :
        x ⇨ y ≠ x ↔ x ≠ ⊤ ∨ y ≠ ⊤
        Equations
        • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
        instance Prod.instBooleanAlgebra {α : Type u} {β : Type u_1} [BooleanAlgebra α] [BooleanAlgebra β] :
        Equations
        • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
        instance Pi.instBooleanAlgebra {ι : Type u} {α : ι → Type v} [(i : ι) → BooleanAlgebra (α i)] :
        BooleanAlgebra ((i : ι) → α i)
        Equations
        • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
        Equations
        • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
        theorem Bool.sup_eq_bor :
        (fun (x1 x2 : Bool) => max x1 x2) = or
        theorem Bool.inf_eq_band :
        (fun (x1 x2 : Bool) => min x1 x2) = and
        @[reducible, inline]
        abbrev Function.Injective.generalizedBooleanAlgebra {α : Type u} {β : Type u_1} [Max α] [Min α] [Bot α] [SDiff α] [GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra β] (f : α → β) (hf : Injective f) (map_sup : ∀ (a b : α), f (a ⊔ b) = f a ⊔ f b) (map_inf : ∀ (a b : α), f (a ⊓ b) = f a ⊓ f b) (map_bot : f ⊥ = ⊥) (map_sdiff : ∀ (a b : α), f (a \ b) = f a \ f b) :

        Pullback a GeneralizedBooleanAlgebra along an injection.

        Equations
        • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
        Instances For
          @[reducible, inline]
          abbrev Function.Injective.booleanAlgebra {α : Type u} {β : Type u_1} [Max α] [Min α] [Top α] [Bot α] [HasCompl α] [SDiff α] [HImp α] [BooleanAlgebra β] (f : α → β) (hf : Injective f) (map_sup : ∀ (a b : α), f (a ⊔ b) = f a ⊔ f b) (map_inf : ∀ (a b : α), f (a ⊓ b) = f a ⊓ f b) (map_top : f ⊤ = ⊤) (map_bot : f ⊥ = ⊥) (map_compl : ∀ (a : α), f aᶜ = (f a)ᶜ) (map_sdiff : ∀ (a b : α), f (a \ b) = f a \ f b) (map_himp : ∀ (a b : α), f (a ⇨ b) = f a ⇨ f b) :

          Pullback a BooleanAlgebra along an injection.

          Equations
          • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
          Instances For
            Equations
            • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

            An alternative constructor for boolean algebras: a distributive lattice that is complemented is a boolean algebra.

            This is not an instance, because it creates data using choice.

            Equations
            • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
            Instances For