Long exact sequence for the kernel and cokernel of a composition #
If f : X ⟶ Y and g : Y ⟶ Z are composable morphisms in an
abelian category, we construct a long exact sequence :
0 ⟶ ker f ⟶ ker (f ≫ g) ⟶ ker g ⟶ coker f ⟶ coker (f ≫ g) ⟶ coker g ⟶ 0.
This is obtained by applying the snake lemma to the following morphism of exact sequences, where the rows are the obvious split exact sequences
0 ⟶ X ⟶ X ⊞ Y ⟶ Y ⟶ 0
|f |φ |g
v v v
0 ⟶ Y ⟶ Y ⊞ Z ⟶ Z ⟶ 0
and φ is given by the following matrix:
(f -𝟙 Y)
(0 g)
Indeed the snake lemma gives an exact sequence involving the kernels and cokernels
of the vertical maps: in order to get the expected long exact sequence, it suffices
to obtain isomorphisms ker φ ≅ ker (f ≫ g) and coker φ ≅ coker (f ⋙ g).
If f : X ⟶ Y and g : Y ⟶ Z are composable morphisms,
this is the morphism kernel (f ≫ g) ⟶ X ⊞ Y which
"sends x to (x, f(x))".
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If f : X ⟶ Y and g : Y ⟶ Z are composable morphisms,
this is the morphism X ⊞ Y ⟶ Y ⊞ Z given by the matrix
(f -𝟙 Y)
(0 g)
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- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
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If f : X ⟶ Y and g : Y ⟶ Z are composable morphisms,
this is the morphism Y ⊞ Z ⟶ cokernel (f ≫ g) which
"sends (y, z) to [g(y)] + [z]".
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If f : X ⟶ Y and g : Y ⟶ Z are composable morphisms,
then the kernel of φ f g : X ⊞ Y ⟶ Y ⊞ Z identifies
to kernel (f ≫ g).
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If f : X ⟶ Y and g : Y ⟶ Z are composable morphisms,
then the cokernel of φ f g : X ⊞ Y ⟶ Y ⊞ Z identifies
to cokernel (f ≫ g).
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The "snake input" which gives the exact sequence
0 ⟶ ker f ⟶ ker (f ≫ g) ⟶ ker g ⟶ coker f ⟶ coker (f ≫ g) ⟶ coker g ⟶ 0,
see kernelCokernelCompSequence_exact.
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If f : X ⟶ Y and g : Y ⟶ Z are composable morphisms, this
is the connecting homomorphism kernel g ⟶ cokernel f.
Equations
Instances For
If f : X ⟶ Y and g : Y ⟶ Z are composable morphisms in an
abelian category, this is the long exact sequence
0 ⟶ ker f ⟶ ker (f ≫ g) ⟶ ker g ⟶ coker f ⟶ coker (f ≫ g) ⟶ coker g ⟶ 0.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.