Documentation

Mathlib.Analysis.Normed.Module.Basic

Normed spaces #

In this file we define (semi)normed spaces and algebras. We also prove some theorems about these definitions.

class NormedSpace (๐•œ : Type u_6) (E : Type u_7) [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] extends Module :
Type (max u_6 u_7)

A normed space over a normed field is a vector space endowed with a norm which satisfies the equality โ€–c โ€ข xโ€– = โ€–cโ€– โ€–xโ€–. We require only โ€–c โ€ข xโ€– โ‰ค โ€–cโ€– โ€–xโ€– in the definition, then prove โ€–c โ€ข xโ€– = โ€–cโ€– โ€–xโ€– in norm_smul.

Note that since this requires SeminormedAddCommGroup and not NormedAddCommGroup, this typeclass can be used for "semi normed spaces" too, just as Module can be used for "semi modules".

  • smul : ๐•œ โ†’ E โ†’ E
  • one_smul : โˆ€ (b : E), 1 โ€ข b = b
  • mul_smul : โˆ€ (x y : ๐•œ) (b : E), (x * y) โ€ข b = x โ€ข y โ€ข b
  • smul_zero : โˆ€ (a : ๐•œ), a โ€ข 0 = 0
  • smul_add : โˆ€ (a : ๐•œ) (x y : E), a โ€ข (x + y) = a โ€ข x + a โ€ข y
  • add_smul : โˆ€ (r s : ๐•œ) (x : E), (r + s) โ€ข x = r โ€ข x + s โ€ข x
  • zero_smul : โˆ€ (x : E), 0 โ€ข x = 0
  • norm_smul_le : โˆ€ (a : ๐•œ) (b : E), โ€–a โ€ข bโ€– โ‰ค โ€–aโ€– * โ€–bโ€–

    A normed space over a normed field is a vector space endowed with a norm which satisfies the equality โ€–c โ€ข xโ€– = โ€–cโ€– โ€–xโ€–. We require only โ€–c โ€ข xโ€– โ‰ค โ€–cโ€– โ€–xโ€– in the definition, then prove โ€–c โ€ข xโ€– = โ€–cโ€– โ€–xโ€– in norm_smul.

    Note that since this requires SeminormedAddCommGroup and not NormedAddCommGroup, this typeclass can be used for "semi normed spaces" too, just as Module can be used for "semi modules".

Instances
    theorem NormedSpace.norm_smul_le {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [self : NormedSpace ๐•œ E] (a : ๐•œ) (b : E) :

    A normed space over a normed field is a vector space endowed with a norm which satisfies the equality โ€–c โ€ข xโ€– = โ€–cโ€– โ€–xโ€–. We require only โ€–c โ€ข xโ€– โ‰ค โ€–cโ€– โ€–xโ€– in the definition, then prove โ€–c โ€ข xโ€– = โ€–cโ€– โ€–xโ€– in norm_smul.

    Note that since this requires SeminormedAddCommGroup and not NormedAddCommGroup, this typeclass can be used for "semi normed spaces" too, just as Module can be used for "semi modules".

    @[instance 100]
    instance NormedSpace.boundedSMul {๐•œ : Type u_1} {E : Type u_3} [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] :
    BoundedSMul ๐•œ E
    Equations
    • โ‹ฏ = โ‹ฏ
    instance NormedField.toNormedSpace {๐•œ : Type u_1} [NormedField ๐•œ] :
    NormedSpace ๐•œ ๐•œ
    Equations
    instance NormedField.to_boundedSMul {๐•œ : Type u_1} [NormedField ๐•œ] :
    BoundedSMul ๐•œ ๐•œ
    Equations
    • โ‹ฏ = โ‹ฏ
    theorem norm_zsmul (๐•œ : Type u_1) {E : Type u_3} [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] (n : โ„ค) (x : E) :
    theorem eventually_nhds_norm_smul_sub_lt {๐•œ : Type u_1} {E : Type u_3} [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] (c : ๐•œ) (x : E) {ฮต : โ„} (h : 0 < ฮต) :
    โˆ€แถ  (y : E) in nhds x, โ€–c โ€ข (y - x)โ€– < ฮต
    theorem Filter.Tendsto.zero_smul_isBoundedUnder_le {๐•œ : Type u_1} {E : Type u_3} {ฮฑ : Type u_5} [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] {f : ฮฑ โ†’ ๐•œ} {g : ฮฑ โ†’ E} {l : Filter ฮฑ} (hf : Filter.Tendsto f l (nhds 0)) (hg : Filter.IsBoundedUnder (fun (x x_1 : โ„) => x โ‰ค x_1) l (norm โˆ˜ g)) :
    Filter.Tendsto (fun (x : ฮฑ) => f x โ€ข g x) l (nhds 0)
    theorem Filter.IsBoundedUnder.smul_tendsto_zero {๐•œ : Type u_1} {E : Type u_3} {ฮฑ : Type u_5} [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] {f : ฮฑ โ†’ ๐•œ} {g : ฮฑ โ†’ E} {l : Filter ฮฑ} (hf : Filter.IsBoundedUnder (fun (x x_1 : โ„) => x โ‰ค x_1) l (norm โˆ˜ f)) (hg : Filter.Tendsto g l (nhds 0)) :
    Filter.Tendsto (fun (x : ฮฑ) => f x โ€ข g x) l (nhds 0)
    instance ULift.normedSpace {๐•œ : Type u_1} {E : Type u_3} [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] :
    Equations
    • ULift.normedSpace = let __spread.0 := ULift.seminormedAddCommGroup; let __spread.1 := ULift.module'; NormedSpace.mk โ‹ฏ
    instance Prod.normedSpace {๐•œ : Type u_1} {E : Type u_3} {F : Type u_4} [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [SeminormedAddCommGroup F] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ F] :
    NormedSpace ๐•œ (E ร— F)

    The product of two normed spaces is a normed space, with the sup norm.

    Equations
    • Prod.normedSpace = let __src := Prod.seminormedAddCommGroup; let __src := Prod.instModule; NormedSpace.mk โ‹ฏ
    instance Pi.normedSpace {๐•œ : Type u_1} [NormedField ๐•œ] {ฮน : Type u_6} {E : ฮน โ†’ Type u_7} [Fintype ฮน] [(i : ฮน) โ†’ SeminormedAddCommGroup (E i)] [(i : ฮน) โ†’ NormedSpace ๐•œ (E i)] :
    NormedSpace ๐•œ ((i : ฮน) โ†’ E i)

    The product of finitely many normed spaces is a normed space, with the sup norm.

    Equations
    instance MulOpposite.instNormedSpace {๐•œ : Type u_1} {E : Type u_3} [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] :
    Equations
    instance Submodule.normedSpace {๐•œ : Type u_6} {R : Type u_7} [SMul ๐•œ R] [NormedField ๐•œ] [Ring R] {E : Type u_8} [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] [Module R E] [IsScalarTower ๐•œ R E] (s : Submodule R E) :
    NormedSpace ๐•œ โ†ฅs

    A subspace of a normed space is also a normed space, with the restriction of the norm.

    Equations
    @[instance 75]
    instance SubmoduleClass.toNormedSpace {S : Type u_6} {๐•œ : Type u_7} {R : Type u_8} {E : Type u_9} [SMul ๐•œ R] [NormedField ๐•œ] [Ring R] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] [Module R E] [IsScalarTower ๐•œ R E] [SetLike S E] [AddSubgroupClass S E] [SMulMemClass S R E] (s : S) :
    NormedSpace ๐•œ โ†ฅs
    Equations
    @[reducible, inline]
    abbrev NormedSpace.induced {F : Type u_6} (๐•œ : Type u_7) (E : Type u_8) (G : Type u_9) [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Module ๐•œ E] [SeminormedAddCommGroup G] [NormedSpace ๐•œ G] [FunLike F E G] [LinearMapClass F ๐•œ E G] (f : F) :
    NormedSpace ๐•œ E

    A linear map from a Module to a NormedSpace induces a NormedSpace structure on the domain, using the SeminormedAddCommGroup.induced norm.

    See note [reducible non-instances]

    Equations
    Instances For
      @[instance 100]
      instance NormedSpace.toModule' {๐•œ : Type u_1} {F : Type u_4} [NormedField ๐•œ] [NormedAddCommGroup F] [NormedSpace ๐•œ F] :
      Module ๐•œ F

      While this may appear identical to NormedSpace.toModule, it contains an implicit argument involving NormedAddCommGroup.toSeminormedAddCommGroup that typeclass inference has trouble inferring.

      Specifically, the following instance cannot be found without this NormedSpace.toModule':

      example
        (๐•œ ฮน : Type*) (E : ฮน โ†’ Type*)
        [NormedField ๐•œ] [ฮ  i, NormedAddCommGroup (E i)] [ฮ  i, NormedSpace ๐•œ (E i)] :
        ฮ  i, Module ๐•œ (E i) := by infer_instance
      

      This Zulip thread gives some more context.

      Equations
      • NormedSpace.toModule' = NormedSpace.toModule
      theorem NormedSpace.exists_lt_norm (๐•œ : Type u_1) (E : Type u_3) [NontriviallyNormedField ๐•œ] [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] [Nontrivial E] (c : โ„) :
      โˆƒ (x : E), c < โ€–xโ€–

      If E is a nontrivial normed space over a nontrivially normed field ๐•œ, then E is unbounded: for any c : โ„, there exists a vector x : E with norm strictly greater than c.

      theorem NormedSpace.unbounded_univ (๐•œ : Type u_1) (E : Type u_3) [NontriviallyNormedField ๐•œ] [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] [Nontrivial E] :
      theorem NormedSpace.cobounded_neBot (๐•œ : Type u_1) (E : Type u_3) [NontriviallyNormedField ๐•œ] [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] [Nontrivial E] :
      @[instance 100]
      instance NontriviallyNormedField.cobounded_neBot (๐•œ : Type u_1) [NontriviallyNormedField ๐•œ] :
      (Bornology.cobounded ๐•œ).NeBot
      Equations
      • โ‹ฏ = โ‹ฏ
      @[instance 80]
      Equations
      • โ‹ฏ = โ‹ฏ
      @[instance 80]
      instance NontriviallyNormedField.infinite (๐•œ : Type u_1) [NontriviallyNormedField ๐•œ] :
      Infinite ๐•œ
      Equations
      • โ‹ฏ = โ‹ฏ
      theorem NormedSpace.noncompactSpace (๐•œ : Type u_1) (E : Type u_3) [NormedField ๐•œ] [Infinite ๐•œ] [NormedAddCommGroup E] [Nontrivial E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ E] :

      A normed vector space over an infinite normed field is a noncompact space. This cannot be an instance because in order to apply it, Lean would have to search for NormedSpace ๐•œ E with unknown ๐•œ. We register this as an instance in two cases: ๐•œ = E and ๐•œ = โ„.

      @[instance 100]
      instance NormedField.noncompactSpace (๐•œ : Type u_1) [NormedField ๐•œ] [Infinite ๐•œ] :
      NoncompactSpace ๐•œ
      Equations
      • โ‹ฏ = โ‹ฏ
      @[instance 100]
      Equations
      • โ‹ฏ = โ‹ฏ
      class NormedAlgebra (๐•œ : Type u_6) (๐•œ' : Type u_7) [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedRing ๐•œ'] extends Algebra :
      Type (max u_6 u_7)

      A normed algebra ๐•œ' over ๐•œ is normed module that is also an algebra.

      See the implementation notes for Algebra for a discussion about non-unital algebras. Following the strategy there, a non-unital normed algebra can be written as:

      variable [NormedField ๐•œ] [NonUnitalSeminormedRing ๐•œ']
      variable [NormedSpace ๐•œ ๐•œ'] [SMulCommClass ๐•œ ๐•œ' ๐•œ'] [IsScalarTower ๐•œ ๐•œ' ๐•œ']
      
      • smul : ๐•œ โ†’ ๐•œ' โ†’ ๐•œ'
      • toFun : ๐•œ โ†’ ๐•œ'
      • map_one' : (โ†‘โ†‘Algebra.toRingHom).toFun 1 = 1
      • map_mul' : โˆ€ (x y : ๐•œ), (โ†‘โ†‘Algebra.toRingHom).toFun (x * y) = (โ†‘โ†‘Algebra.toRingHom).toFun x * (โ†‘โ†‘Algebra.toRingHom).toFun y
      • map_zero' : (โ†‘โ†‘Algebra.toRingHom).toFun 0 = 0
      • map_add' : โˆ€ (x y : ๐•œ), (โ†‘โ†‘Algebra.toRingHom).toFun (x + y) = (โ†‘โ†‘Algebra.toRingHom).toFun x + (โ†‘โ†‘Algebra.toRingHom).toFun y
      • commutes' : โˆ€ (r : ๐•œ) (x : ๐•œ'), Algebra.toRingHom r * x = x * Algebra.toRingHom r
      • smul_def' : โˆ€ (r : ๐•œ) (x : ๐•œ'), r โ€ข x = Algebra.toRingHom r * x
      • norm_smul_le : โˆ€ (r : ๐•œ) (x : ๐•œ'), โ€–r โ€ข xโ€– โ‰ค โ€–rโ€– * โ€–xโ€–

        A normed algebra ๐•œ' over ๐•œ is normed module that is also an algebra.

        See the implementation notes for Algebra for a discussion about non-unital algebras. Following the strategy there, a non-unital normed algebra can be written as:

        variable [NormedField ๐•œ] [NonUnitalSeminormedRing ๐•œ']
        variable [NormedSpace ๐•œ ๐•œ'] [SMulCommClass ๐•œ ๐•œ' ๐•œ'] [IsScalarTower ๐•œ ๐•œ' ๐•œ']
        
      Instances
        theorem NormedAlgebra.norm_smul_le {๐•œ : Type u_6} {๐•œ' : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedRing ๐•œ'] [self : NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ'] (r : ๐•œ) (x : ๐•œ') :

        A normed algebra ๐•œ' over ๐•œ is normed module that is also an algebra.

        See the implementation notes for Algebra for a discussion about non-unital algebras. Following the strategy there, a non-unital normed algebra can be written as:

        variable [NormedField ๐•œ] [NonUnitalSeminormedRing ๐•œ']
        variable [NormedSpace ๐•œ ๐•œ'] [SMulCommClass ๐•œ ๐•œ' ๐•œ'] [IsScalarTower ๐•œ ๐•œ' ๐•œ']
        
        @[instance 100]
        instance NormedAlgebra.toNormedSpace {๐•œ : Type u_1} (๐•œ' : Type u_2) [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedRing ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ'] :
        NormedSpace ๐•œ ๐•œ'
        Equations
        @[instance 100]
        instance NormedAlgebra.toNormedSpace' {๐•œ : Type u_1} [NormedField ๐•œ] {๐•œ' : Type u_6} [NormedRing ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ'] :
        NormedSpace ๐•œ ๐•œ'

        While this may appear identical to NormedAlgebra.toNormedSpace, it contains an implicit argument involving NormedRing.toSeminormedRing that typeclass inference has trouble inferring.

        Specifically, the following instance cannot be found without this NormedSpace.toModule':

        example
          (๐•œ ฮน : Type*) (E : ฮน โ†’ Type*)
          [NormedField ๐•œ] [ฮ  i, NormedRing (E i)] [ฮ  i, NormedAlgebra ๐•œ (E i)] :
          ฮ  i, Module ๐•œ (E i) := by infer_instance
        

        See NormedSpace.toModule' for a similar situation.

        Equations
        • NormedAlgebra.toNormedSpace' = inferInstance
        theorem norm_algebraMap {๐•œ : Type u_1} (๐•œ' : Type u_2) [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedRing ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ'] (x : ๐•œ) :
        theorem nnnorm_algebraMap {๐•œ : Type u_1} (๐•œ' : Type u_2) [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedRing ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ'] (x : ๐•œ) :
        @[simp]
        theorem norm_algebraMap' {๐•œ : Type u_1} (๐•œ' : Type u_2) [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedRing ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ'] [NormOneClass ๐•œ'] (x : ๐•œ) :
        โ€–(algebraMap ๐•œ ๐•œ') xโ€– = โ€–xโ€–
        @[simp]
        theorem nnnorm_algebraMap' {๐•œ : Type u_1} (๐•œ' : Type u_2) [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedRing ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ'] [NormOneClass ๐•œ'] (x : ๐•œ) :
        @[simp]
        theorem norm_algebraMap_nnreal (๐•œ' : Type u_2) [SeminormedRing ๐•œ'] [NormOneClass ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra โ„ ๐•œ'] (x : NNReal) :
        โ€–(algebraMap NNReal ๐•œ') xโ€– = โ†‘x
        @[simp]
        theorem nnnorm_algebraMap_nnreal (๐•œ' : Type u_2) [SeminormedRing ๐•œ'] [NormOneClass ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra โ„ ๐•œ'] (x : NNReal) :
        theorem algebraMap_isometry (๐•œ : Type u_1) (๐•œ' : Type u_2) [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedRing ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ'] [NormOneClass ๐•œ'] :
        Isometry โ‡‘(algebraMap ๐•œ ๐•œ')

        In a normed algebra, the inclusion of the base field in the extended field is an isometry.

        instance NormedAlgebra.id (๐•œ : Type u_1) [NormedField ๐•œ] :
        NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ
        Equations
        instance normedAlgebraRat {๐•œ : Type u_6} [NormedDivisionRing ๐•œ] [CharZero ๐•œ] [NormedAlgebra โ„ ๐•œ] :

        Any normed characteristic-zero division ring that is a normed algebra over the reals is also a normed algebra over the rationals.

        Phrased another way, if ๐•œ is a normed algebra over the reals, then AlgebraRat respects that norm.

        Equations
        instance PUnit.normedAlgebra (๐•œ : Type u_1) [NormedField ๐•œ] :
        Equations
        instance instNormedAlgebraULift (๐•œ : Type u_1) (๐•œ' : Type u_2) [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedRing ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ'] :
        NormedAlgebra ๐•œ (ULift.{u_6, u_2} ๐•œ')
        Equations
        instance Prod.normedAlgebra (๐•œ : Type u_1) [NormedField ๐•œ] {E : Type u_6} {F : Type u_7} [SeminormedRing E] [SeminormedRing F] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ E] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ F] :
        NormedAlgebra ๐•œ (E ร— F)

        The product of two normed algebras is a normed algebra, with the sup norm.

        Equations
        instance Pi.normedAlgebra (๐•œ : Type u_1) [NormedField ๐•œ] {ฮน : Type u_6} {E : ฮน โ†’ Type u_7} [Fintype ฮน] [(i : ฮน) โ†’ SeminormedRing (E i)] [(i : ฮน) โ†’ NormedAlgebra ๐•œ (E i)] :
        NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ((i : ฮน) โ†’ E i)

        The product of finitely many normed algebras is a normed algebra, with the sup norm.

        Equations
        instance MulOpposite.instNormedAlgebra (๐•œ : Type u_1) [NormedField ๐•œ] {E : Type u_6} [SeminormedRing E] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ E] :
        Equations
        @[reducible, inline]
        abbrev NormedAlgebra.induced {F : Type u_6} (๐•œ : Type u_7) (R : Type u_8) (S : Type u_9) [NormedField ๐•œ] [Ring R] [Algebra ๐•œ R] [SeminormedRing S] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ S] [FunLike F R S] [NonUnitalAlgHomClass F ๐•œ R S] (f : F) :
        NormedAlgebra ๐•œ R

        A non-unital algebra homomorphism from an Algebra to a NormedAlgebra induces a NormedAlgebra structure on the domain, using the SeminormedRing.induced norm.

        See note [reducible non-instances]

        Equations
        Instances For
          instance Subalgebra.toNormedAlgebra {๐•œ : Type u_6} {A : Type u_7} [SeminormedRing A] [NormedField ๐•œ] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ A] (S : Subalgebra ๐•œ A) :
          NormedAlgebra ๐•œ โ†ฅS
          Equations
          @[instance 75]
          instance SubalgebraClass.toNormedAlgebra {S : Type u_6} {๐•œ : Type u_7} {E : Type u_8} [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedRing E] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ E] [SetLike S E] [SubringClass S E] [SMulMemClass S ๐•œ E] (s : S) :
          NormedAlgebra ๐•œ โ†ฅs
          Equations
          instance instSeminormedAddCommGroupRestrictScalars {๐•œ : Type u_1} {๐•œ' : Type u_2} {E : Type u_3} [I : SeminormedAddCommGroup E] :
          SeminormedAddCommGroup (RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E)
          Equations
          • instSeminormedAddCommGroupRestrictScalars = I
          instance instNormedAddCommGroupRestrictScalars {๐•œ : Type u_1} {๐•œ' : Type u_2} {E : Type u_3} [I : NormedAddCommGroup E] :
          NormedAddCommGroup (RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E)
          Equations
          • instNormedAddCommGroupRestrictScalars = I
          instance instNonUnitalSeminormedRingRestrictScalars {๐•œ : Type u_1} {๐•œ' : Type u_2} {E : Type u_3} [I : NonUnitalSeminormedRing E] :
          NonUnitalSeminormedRing (RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E)
          Equations
          • instNonUnitalSeminormedRingRestrictScalars = I
          instance instNonUnitalNormedRingRestrictScalars {๐•œ : Type u_1} {๐•œ' : Type u_2} {E : Type u_3} [I : NonUnitalNormedRing E] :
          NonUnitalNormedRing (RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E)
          Equations
          • instNonUnitalNormedRingRestrictScalars = I
          instance instSeminormedRingRestrictScalars {๐•œ : Type u_1} {๐•œ' : Type u_2} {E : Type u_3} [I : SeminormedRing E] :
          SeminormedRing (RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E)
          Equations
          • instSeminormedRingRestrictScalars = I
          instance instNormedRingRestrictScalars {๐•œ : Type u_1} {๐•œ' : Type u_2} {E : Type u_3} [I : NormedRing E] :
          NormedRing (RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E)
          Equations
          • instNormedRingRestrictScalars = I
          instance instNonUnitalSeminormedCommRingRestrictScalars {๐•œ : Type u_1} {๐•œ' : Type u_2} {E : Type u_3} [I : NonUnitalSeminormedCommRing E] :
          Equations
          • instNonUnitalSeminormedCommRingRestrictScalars = I
          instance instNonUnitalNormedCommRingRestrictScalars {๐•œ : Type u_1} {๐•œ' : Type u_2} {E : Type u_3} [I : NonUnitalNormedCommRing E] :
          NonUnitalNormedCommRing (RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E)
          Equations
          • instNonUnitalNormedCommRingRestrictScalars = I
          instance instSeminormedCommRingRestrictScalars {๐•œ : Type u_1} {๐•œ' : Type u_2} {E : Type u_3} [I : SeminormedCommRing E] :
          SeminormedCommRing (RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E)
          Equations
          • instSeminormedCommRingRestrictScalars = I
          instance instNormedCommRingRestrictScalars {๐•œ : Type u_1} {๐•œ' : Type u_2} {E : Type u_3} [I : NormedCommRing E] :
          NormedCommRing (RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E)
          Equations
          • instNormedCommRingRestrictScalars = I
          instance RestrictScalars.normedSpace (๐•œ : Type u_1) (๐•œ' : Type u_2) (E : Type u_3) [NormedField ๐•œ] [NormedField ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ'] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ' E] :
          NormedSpace ๐•œ (RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E)

          If E is a normed space over ๐•œ' and ๐•œ is a normed algebra over ๐•œ', then RestrictScalars.module is additionally a NormedSpace.

          Equations
          def Module.RestrictScalars.normedSpaceOrig {๐•œ : Type u_6} {๐•œ' : Type u_7} {E : Type u_8} [NormedField ๐•œ'] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [I : NormedSpace ๐•œ' E] :
          NormedSpace ๐•œ' (RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E)

          The action of the original normed_field on RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E. This is not an instance as it would be contrary to the purpose of RestrictScalars.

          Equations
          • Module.RestrictScalars.normedSpaceOrig = I
          Instances For
            def NormedSpace.restrictScalars (๐•œ : Type u_1) (๐•œ' : Type u_2) (E : Type u_3) [NormedField ๐•œ] [NormedField ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ'] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ๐•œ' E] :
            NormedSpace ๐•œ E

            Warning: This declaration should be used judiciously. Please consider using IsScalarTower and/or RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E instead.

            This definition allows the RestrictScalars.normedSpace instance to be put directly on E rather on RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E. This would be a very bad instance; both because ๐•œ' cannot be inferred, and because it is likely to create instance diamonds.

            Equations
            Instances For
              instance RestrictScalars.normedAlgebra (๐•œ : Type u_1) (๐•œ' : Type u_2) (E : Type u_3) [NormedField ๐•œ] [NormedField ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ'] [SeminormedRing E] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ' E] :
              NormedAlgebra ๐•œ (RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E)

              If E is a normed algebra over ๐•œ' and ๐•œ is a normed algebra over ๐•œ', then RestrictScalars.module is additionally a NormedAlgebra.

              Equations
              def Module.RestrictScalars.normedAlgebraOrig {๐•œ : Type u_6} {๐•œ' : Type u_7} {E : Type u_8} [NormedField ๐•œ'] [SeminormedRing E] [I : NormedAlgebra ๐•œ' E] :
              NormedAlgebra ๐•œ' (RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E)

              The action of the original normed_field on RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E. This is not an instance as it would be contrary to the purpose of RestrictScalars.

              Equations
              • Module.RestrictScalars.normedAlgebraOrig = I
              Instances For
                def NormedAlgebra.restrictScalars (๐•œ : Type u_1) (๐•œ' : Type u_2) (E : Type u_3) [NormedField ๐•œ] [NormedField ๐•œ'] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ ๐•œ'] [SeminormedRing E] [NormedAlgebra ๐•œ' E] :
                NormedAlgebra ๐•œ E

                Warning: This declaration should be used judiciously. Please consider using IsScalarTower and/or RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E instead.

                This definition allows the RestrictScalars.normedAlgebra instance to be put directly on E rather on RestrictScalars ๐•œ ๐•œ' E. This would be a very bad instance; both because ๐•œ' cannot be inferred, and because it is likely to create instance diamonds.

                Equations
                Instances For

                  Structures for constructing new normed spaces #

                  This section contains tools meant for constructing new normed spaces. These allow one to easily construct all the relevant instances (distances measures, etc) while proving only a minimal set of axioms. Furthermore, tools are provided to add a norm structure to a type that already has a preexisting uniformity or bornology: in such cases, it is necessary to keep the preexisting instances, while ensuring that the norm induces the same uniformity/bornology.

                  structure SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core (๐•œ : Type u_6) (E : Type u_7) [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Norm E] [Module ๐•œ E] :

                  A structure encapsulating minimal axioms needed to defined a seminormed vector space, as found in textbooks. This is meant to be used to easily define SeminormedAddCommGroup E instances from scratch on a type with no preexisting distance or topology.

                  Instances For
                    theorem SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core.norm_nonneg {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Norm E] [Module ๐•œ E] (self : SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core ๐•œ E) (x : E) :
                    theorem SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core.norm_smul {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Norm E] [Module ๐•œ E] (self : SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core ๐•œ E) (c : ๐•œ) (x : E) :
                    theorem SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core.norm_triangle {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Norm E] [Module ๐•œ E] (self : SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core ๐•œ E) (x : E) (y : E) :
                    @[reducible, inline]
                    abbrev PseudoMetricSpace.ofSeminormedAddCommGroupCore {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Norm E] [Module ๐•œ E] (core : SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core ๐•œ E) :

                    Produces a PseudoMetricSpace E instance from a SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core. Note that if this is used to define an instance on a type, it also provides a new uniformity and topology on the type. See note [reducible non-instances].

                    Equations
                    • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
                    Instances For
                      @[reducible, inline]
                      abbrev PseudoEMetricSpace.ofSeminormedAddCommGroupCore {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Norm E] [Module ๐•œ E] (core : SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core ๐•œ E) :

                      Produces a PseudoEMetricSpace E instance from a SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core. Note that if this is used to define an instance on a type, it also provides a new uniformity and topology on the type. See note [reducible non-instances].

                      Equations
                      Instances For
                        @[reducible, inline]
                        abbrev PseudoMetricSpace.ofSeminormedAddCommGroupCoreReplaceUniformity {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Norm E] [Module ๐•œ E] [U : UniformSpace E] (core : SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core ๐•œ E) (H : uniformity E = uniformity E) :

                        Produces a PseudoEMetricSpace E instance from a SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core on a type that already has an existing uniform space structure. This requires a proof that the uniformity induced by the norm is equal to the preexisting uniformity. See note [reducible non-instances].

                        Equations
                        Instances For
                          @[reducible, inline]
                          abbrev PseudoMetricSpace.ofSeminormedAddCommGroupCoreReplaceAll {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Norm E] [Module ๐•œ E] [U : UniformSpace E] [B : Bornology E] (core : SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core ๐•œ E) (HU : uniformity E = uniformity E) (HB : โˆ€ (s : Set E), Bornology.IsBounded s โ†” Bornology.IsBounded s) :

                          Produces a PseudoEMetricSpace E instance from a SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core on a type that already has a preexisting uniform space structure and a preexisting bornology. This requires proofs that the uniformity induced by the norm is equal to the preexisting uniformity, and likewise for the bornology. See note [reducible non-instances].

                          Equations
                          Instances For
                            @[reducible, inline]
                            abbrev SeminormedAddCommGroup.ofCore {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Norm E] [Module ๐•œ E] (core : SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core ๐•œ E) :

                            Produces a SeminormedAddCommGroup E instance from a SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core. Note that if this is used to define an instance on a type, it also provides a new distance measure from the norm. it must therefore not be used on a type with a preexisting distance measure or topology. See note [reducible non-instances].

                            Equations
                            Instances For
                              @[reducible, inline]
                              abbrev SeminormedAddCommGroup.ofCoreReplaceUniformity {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Norm E] [Module ๐•œ E] [U : UniformSpace E] (core : SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core ๐•œ E) (H : uniformity E = uniformity E) :

                              Produces a SeminormedAddCommGroup E instance from a SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core on a type that already has an existing uniform space structure. This requires a proof that the uniformity induced by the norm is equal to the preexisting uniformity. See note [reducible non-instances].

                              Equations
                              Instances For
                                @[reducible, inline]
                                abbrev SeminormedAddCommGroup.ofCoreReplaceAll {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Norm E] [Module ๐•œ E] [U : UniformSpace E] [B : Bornology E] (core : SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core ๐•œ E) (HU : uniformity E = uniformity E) (HB : โˆ€ (s : Set E), Bornology.IsBounded s โ†” Bornology.IsBounded s) :

                                Produces a SeminormedAddCommGroup E instance from a SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core on a type that already has a preexisting uniform space structure and a preexisting bornology. This requires proofs that the uniformity induced by the norm is equal to the preexisting uniformity, and likewise for the bornology. See note [reducible non-instances].

                                Equations
                                Instances For
                                  structure NormedSpace.Core (๐•œ : Type u_6) (E : Type u_7) [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Module ๐•œ E] [Norm E] extends SeminormedAddCommGroup.Core :

                                  A structure encapsulating minimal axioms needed to defined a normed vector space, as found in textbooks. This is meant to be used to easily define NormedAddCommGroup E and NormedSpace E instances from scratch on a type with no preexisting distance or topology.

                                  Instances For
                                    theorem NormedSpace.Core.norm_eq_zero_iff {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Module ๐•œ E] [Norm E] (self : NormedSpace.Core ๐•œ E) (x : E) :
                                    @[reducible, inline]
                                    abbrev NormedAddCommGroup.ofCore {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Module ๐•œ E] [Norm E] (core : NormedSpace.Core ๐•œ E) :

                                    Produces a NormedAddCommGroup E instance from a NormedSpace.Core. Note that if this is used to define an instance on a type, it also provides a new distance measure from the norm. it must therefore not be used on a type with a preexisting distance measure. See note [reducible non-instances].

                                    Equations
                                    Instances For
                                      @[reducible, inline]
                                      abbrev NormedAddCommGroup.ofCoreReplaceUniformity {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Module ๐•œ E] [Norm E] [U : UniformSpace E] (core : NormedSpace.Core ๐•œ E) (H : uniformity E = uniformity E) :

                                      Produces a NormedAddCommGroup E instance from a NormedAddCommGroup.Core on a type that already has an existing uniform space structure. This requires a proof that the uniformity induced by the norm is equal to the preexisting uniformity. See note [reducible non-instances].

                                      Equations
                                      Instances For
                                        @[reducible, inline]
                                        abbrev NormedAddCommGroup.ofCoreReplaceAll {๐•œ : Type u_6} {E : Type u_7} [NormedField ๐•œ] [AddCommGroup E] [Module ๐•œ E] [Norm E] [U : UniformSpace E] [B : Bornology E] (core : NormedSpace.Core ๐•œ E) (HU : uniformity E = uniformity E) (HB : โˆ€ (s : Set E), Bornology.IsBounded s โ†” Bornology.IsBounded s) :

                                        Produces a NormedAddCommGroup E instance from a NormedAddCommGroup.Core on a type that already has a preexisting uniform space structure and a preexisting bornology. This requires proofs that the uniformity induced by the norm is equal to the preexisting uniformity, and likewise for the bornology. See note [reducible non-instances].

                                        Equations
                                        Instances For
                                          @[reducible, inline]
                                          abbrev NormedSpace.ofCore {๐•œ : Type u_8} {E : Type u_9} [NormedField ๐•œ] [SeminormedAddCommGroup E] [Module ๐•œ E] (core : NormedSpace.Core ๐•œ E) :
                                          NormedSpace ๐•œ E

                                          Produces a NormedSpace ๐•œ E instance from a NormedSpace.Core. This is meant to be used on types where the NormedAddCommGroup E instance has also been defined using core. See note [reducible non-instances].

                                          Equations
                                          Instances For