Fibred products of schemes #
In this file we construct the fibred product of schemes via gluing. We roughly follow [har77] Theorem 3.3.
In particular, the main construction is to show that for an open cover { Uᵢ } of X, if there
exist fibred products Uᵢ ×[Z] Y for each i, then there exists a fibred product X ×[Z] Y.
Then, for constructing the fibred product for arbitrary schemes X, Y, Z, we can use the
construction to reduce to the case where X, Y, Z are all affine, where fibred products are
constructed via tensor products.
The intersection of Uᵢ ×[Z] Y and Uⱼ ×[Z] Y is given by (Uᵢ ×[Z] Y) ×[X] Uⱼ
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The canonical transition map (Uᵢ ×[Z] Y) ×[X] Uⱼ ⟶ (Uⱼ ×[Z] Y) ×[X] Uᵢ given by the fact
that pullbacks are associative and symmetric.
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The inclusion map of V i j = (Uᵢ ×[Z] Y) ×[X] Uⱼ ⟶ Uᵢ ×[Z] Y
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The map ((Xᵢ ×[Z] Y) ×[X] Xⱼ) ×[Xᵢ ×[Z] Y] ((Xᵢ ×[Z] Y) ×[X] Xₖ) ⟶
((Xⱼ ×[Z] Y) ×[X] Xₖ) ×[Xⱼ ×[Z] Y] ((Xⱼ ×[Z] Y) ×[X] Xᵢ) needed for gluing
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Given Uᵢ ×[Z] Y, this is the glued fibred product X ×[Z] Y.
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The first projection from the glued scheme into X.
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The second projection from the glued scheme into Y.
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(Implementation)
The canonical map (s.X ×[X] Uᵢ) ×[s.X] (s.X ×[X] Uⱼ) ⟶ (Uᵢ ×[Z] Y) ×[X] Uⱼ
This is used in gluedLift.
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The lifted map s.X ⟶ (gluing 𝒰 f g).glued in order to show that (gluing 𝒰 f g).glued is
indeed the pullback.
Given a pullback cone s, we have the maps s.fst ⁻¹' Uᵢ ⟶ Uᵢ and
s.fst ⁻¹' Uᵢ ⟶ s.X ⟶ Y that we may lift to a map s.fst ⁻¹' Uᵢ ⟶ Uᵢ ×[Z] Y.
to glue these into a map s.X ⟶ Uᵢ ×[Z] Y, we need to show that the maps agree on
(s.fst ⁻¹' Uᵢ) ×[s.X] (s.fst ⁻¹' Uⱼ) ⟶ Uᵢ ×[Z] Y. This is achieved by showing that both of these
maps factors through gluedLiftPullbackMap.
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(Implementation)
The canonical map (W ×[X] Uᵢ) ×[W] (Uⱼ ×[Z] Y) ⟶ (Uⱼ ×[Z] Y) ×[X] Uᵢ = V j i where W is
the glued fibred product.
This is used in lift_comp_ι.
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We show that the map W ×[X] Uᵢ ⟶ Uᵢ ×[Z] Y ⟶ W is the first projection, where the
first map is given by the lift of W ×[X] Uᵢ ⟶ Uᵢ and W ×[X] Uᵢ ⟶ W ⟶ Y.
It suffices to show that the two map agrees when restricted onto Uⱼ ×[Z] Y. In this case,
both maps factor through V j i via pullback_fst_ι_to_V
The canonical isomorphism between W ×[X] Uᵢ and Uᵢ ×[X] Y. That is, the preimage of Uᵢ in
W along p1 is indeed Uᵢ ×[X] Y.
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The glued scheme ((gluing 𝒰 f g).glued) is indeed the pullback of f and g.
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Given an open cover { Xᵢ } of X, then X ×[Z] Y is covered by Xᵢ ×[Z] Y.
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Given an open cover { Yᵢ } of Y, then X ×[Z] Y is covered by X ×[Z] Yᵢ.
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Given an open cover { Xᵢ } of X and an open cover { Yⱼ } of Y, then
X ×[Z] Y is covered by Xᵢ ×[Z] Yⱼ.
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(Implementation). Use openCoverOfBase instead.
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Given an open cover { Zᵢ } of Z, then X ×[Z] Y is covered by Xᵢ ×[Zᵢ] Yᵢ, where
Xᵢ = X ×[Z] Zᵢ and Yᵢ = Y ×[Z] Zᵢ is the preimage of Zᵢ in X and Y.
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Given 𝒰 i covering Y and 𝒱 i j covering 𝒰 i, this is the open cover
𝒱 i j₁ ×[𝒰 i] 𝒱 i j₂ ranging over all i, j₁, j₂.
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The image of 𝒱 i j₁ ×[𝒰 i] 𝒱 i j₂ in diagonalCover with j₁ = j₂
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The restriction of the diagonal X ⟶ X ×ₛ X to 𝒱 i j ×[𝒰 i] 𝒱 i j is the diagonal
𝒱 i j ⟶ 𝒱 i j ×[𝒰 i] 𝒱 i j.
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The isomorphism between the fibred product of two schemes Spec S and Spec T
over a scheme Spec R and the Spec of the tensor product S ⊗[R] T.
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The composition of the inverse of the isomorphism pullbackSpecIso R S T (from the pullback of
Spec S ⟶ Spec R and Spec T ⟶ Spec R to Spec (S ⊗[R] T)) with the first projection is
the morphism Spec (S ⊗[R] T) ⟶ Spec S obtained by applying Spec.map to the ring morphism
s ↦ s ⊗ₜ[R] 1.
The composition of the inverse of the isomorphism pullbackSpecIso R S T (from the pullback of
Spec S ⟶ Spec R and Spec T ⟶ Spec R to Spec (S ⊗[R] T)) with the second projection is
the morphism Spec (S ⊗[R] T) ⟶ Spec T obtained by applying Spec.map to the ring morphism
t ↦ 1 ⊗ₜ[R] t.
The composition of the isomorphism pullbackSpecIso R S T (from the pullback of
Spec S ⟶ Spec R and Spec T ⟶ Spec R to Spec (S ⊗[R] T)) with the morphism
Spec (S ⊗[R] T) ⟶ Spec S obtained by applying Spec.map to the ring morphism s ↦ s ⊗ₜ[R] 1
is the first projection.
The composition of the isomorphism pullbackSpecIso R S T (from the pullback of
Spec S ⟶ Spec R and Spec T ⟶ Spec R to Spec (S ⊗[R] T)) with the morphism
Spec (S ⊗[R] T) ⟶ Spec T obtained by applying Spec.map to the ring morphism t ↦ 1 ⊗ₜ[R] t
is the second projection.